• References
• Glossary

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Adkisson, C. S. 1996. Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/256

Adkisson, C. S. 1999. Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/456

Altman, B., and R. Sallabanks. 2000. Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/502

Ammon, E. M. 1995. Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/191

Ammon, E. M., and W. M. Gilbert. 1999. Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/478

Arecese, P., M. K. Sogge, A. B. Marr, and M. A. Patten. 2002. Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), The Birds of North America, No. 704. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Ashenhurst, A. R., and S. J. Hannon. 2008. Effects of seismic lines on the abundance of breeding birds in Kendall Island Bird Sanctuary, Northwest Territories, Canada, Arctic, 61(2):190-198.

Avery, M. L. 1995. Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.cornell.edu/bna/species/200

Baltz, M. E., and S. C. Latta. 1998. Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina), The Birds of North America, No. 332. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Bemis, C., and J. D. Rising. 1999. Western Wood-Pewee (Contopus sordidulus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/451

Benkman, C. W. 1992. White-winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/027

Bevier, L., A. F. Poole, and W. Moskoff. 2004. Verry (Catharus fuscescens), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/BNA/account/Veery/.

Boarman, W. I., and B. Heinrich. 1999. Common Raven (Corvus corax), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/476

Bowen, R. V. 1997. Townsend's Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/269

Burke, D. M., and E. Nol. 2000. Landscape and fragment size effects on reproductive success of forest-breeding birds in Ontario, Ecological Applications, 10(6):1749-1761.

Chilton, G., M. C. Baker, C. D. Barrentine, and M. A. Cunningham. 1995. White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/183

Cimprich, D. A., and F. R. Moore. 1995. Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/167

Cimprich, D. A., F. R. Moore, and M.P. Guilfoyle. 2000. Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), The Birds of North America, No. 527. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Conway, C. J. 1999. Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis), The Birds of North America, No. 421. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

COSEWIC. 2007. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi in Canada, , . Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 25 pp. www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm

Dauwe, T., L. Bervoets, R. Blust, R. Pinxten, and M. Eens. 2000. Can excrement and feathers of nestling songbirds be used as biomonitors for heavy metal pollution?, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39:541-546.

Dawson, W. R. 1997. Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus), The Birds of North America, No. 280. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Eaton, S. W. 1995. Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/182

Falls, J. B., and J. G. Kopachena. 1994. White-throated Sparrow (Zonatrichia albicollis), The Birds of North America, No. 128. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Ficken, M. S., M. A. Mclaren, and J. P. Hailman. 1996. Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonica), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/254

Foote, J. R., L. P. Fitzsimmons, D. J. Mennill, and L. M. Ratcliffe. 2008. Tied to the nest: male black-capped chickadees decrease dawn chorus movement behaviour when their mate is fertile, Animal Behaviour, 76:1227-1233.

Fort, K. T., and K. A. Otter. 2004. Effects of habitat disturbance on reproduction in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapills) in northwestern British Columbia, The Auk, 121(4):1070-1080.

Gardali, T., and G. Ballard. 2000. Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/551

George, T. L. 2000. Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/541

Ghalambor, C. K., and T. E. Martin. 1999. Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/459

Gill, F. B., R. A. Canterbury, and J. L. Confer. 2001. Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora pinus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/584

Gillihan, S. W., and B. Byers. 2001. Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes verspertinus), The Birds of North America, No. 300. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Giroux, W., P. Blanchette, J. Bourgeois, and G. Cabana. 2007. Ruffed Grouse brood habitat use in mixed softwood-harwood nordic-temperate forests, Quebec, Canada, Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(1):87-95.

Gross, D. A., and P. E. Lowther. 2001. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/566

Grubb, Jr., T. C. and V. V. Pravosudov. 2008. White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/054

Guzy, M. J., and G. Ritchison. 1999. Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), The Birds of North America, No. 448. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Hadley, A., and A. Desrochers. 2008. Winter habitat use by boreal chickadee flocks in a managed forest, The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 120(1):139-145.

Hall, G. A. 1994. Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia), The Birds of North America, No. 136. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Hejl, S. J., K. R. Newlon, M. E. McFadzen, J. S. Young, and C. K. Ghalambor. 2002. Brown Creeper (Certhia americana), The Birds of North America, No. 669. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Hejl, S. J., J. A. Holmes, and D. E. Kroodsma. 2002. Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/623

Herkert, J. R., D. E. Kroodsma and J. P. Gibbs. 2001. Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/582

Holmes, R. T., N. L. Rodenhouse, and T. S. Sillett. 2005. Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/087

Hudon, J. 1999. Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/432

Hunt, P. D., and B. C. Eliason. 1999. Blackpoll Warbler ( Dendroica striata), The Birds of North America, No. 431. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Hunt, P. D., and D. J. Flaspohler. 1998. Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/376.

Ingold, J. L., and R. Galati. 1997. Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/301

James, R. D. 1998. Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/379

Johnson, L. S. 1998. House Wren (Troglodytes aedon), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/380

Jones, S. L., and J. E. Cornely. 2002. Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/624

Jones, P. W., and T. M. Donovan. 1996. Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/261

Knapton, R. W. 1994. Clay-coloured Sparrow (Spizella pallida), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/120

Knox, A. G., and P. E. Lowther. 2000. Common Redpoll (Carduelis flammea), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/543

Koch, I., J. V. Mace, and K. J. Reimer. 2005. Arsenic speciation in terrestrial birds from Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada: The unexpected finding of Arsenobetaine, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 24(6):1468-1474.

Koenig, W. D., and J. M. H. Knops. 2001. Seed-crop size and eruptions of North American boreal seed-eating birds, Journal of Animal Ecology, 70:609-620.

Kricher, J. C. 1995. Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia), The Birds of North America, No.158. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Kroodsma, D. E., and J. Verner. 1997. Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/308

Lanyon, W. E. 1997. Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus), The Birds of North America, No. 300. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Lowther, P. E. 1993. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), The Birds of North America, No. 47. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Lowther, P. E. 1999. Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/446

Lowther, P. E. 2005. Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/224

Lowther, P. E., C. Celada, N. K. Klein, C. C. Rimmer, and D. A. Spector. 1999. Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/454.

Lowther, P. E., C. C. Rimmer, B. Kessel, S. L. Johnson and W. G. Ellison. 2001. Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/591

Mack, D. E., and W. Yong. 2000. Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/540

McCarty, J. P. 1996. Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens), The Birds of North America, No. 245. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Mennill, D. J., S. M. Doucet, R. Montgomerie, and L. M. Ratcliffe. 2003. Achromatic color variation in black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapilla: black and white signals of sex and rank, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 53:350-357.

Middleton, A. L. 1993. American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/080

Middleton, A. L. 1998. Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/334

Mirarchi, R. E., and T. S. Baskett. 1994. Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), The Birds of North America, No. 117. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Morse, D. H. 2004. Blackburnian Warbler ( Dendroica fusca), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/102

Morse, D. H., and A. F. Poole. 2005. Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/055

Moskoff, W., and S. K. Robinson. 1996. Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/214

Mowbray, T. B. 1997. Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/279

Mowbray, T. B. 1999. Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/479

Murphy, M. T. 1996. Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/253

Naugler, C. T. 1993. American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/037

Nolan, Jr., V., E. D. Ketterson, D. A. Cristol, C. M. Rogers, E. D. Clotfelter, R. C. Titus, S. J. S 2002. Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/716

Norris, A. R., and K. Martin. 2008. Mountain pine beetle presence affects nest patch choice of Red-breasted Nuthatches, Journal of Wildlife Management, 73(3):733-737.

Peer, B. D., and E. K. Bollinger. 1997. Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/271

Pitocchelli, J. 1993. Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/072

Pitocchelli, J. 1995. MacGillivray's Warbler (Oporornis tolmiei), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/159

Pitocchelli, J., J. Bouchie, and D. Jones. 1997. Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis), The Birds of North America, No. 320. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Richardson, M., and D. W. Brauning. 1995. Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), The Birds of North America, No. 190. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Rimmer, C. C., and K. P. McFarland. 1998. Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina), The Birds of North America, No. 350. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Rising, J. D., and N. J. Flood. 1998. Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/384

Rodewald, P. G., J. H. Withgott and K. G. Smith. 1999. Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/438

Rusch, D. H., S. Destefano, M. C. Reynolds, and D. Lauten. 2000. Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/515

Sallabanks, R., and F. C. James. 1999. American Robin (Turdus migratorius), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/462

Schwab, C., T. Bugnyar, C. Schlogel, and K. Kotrschal. 2008. Enhanced social learning between siblings in common ravens, Corvus corax, Animal Behaviour, 75:501-508.

Sedgwick, J. A. 1994. Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/109

Sherry, T. W., and R. T. Holmes. 1997. American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), The Birds of North America, No. 277. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Smith, S. M. 1993. Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/039

Sogge, M. K., W. M. Gilbert, and C. V. Riper III. 1994. Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata), The Birds of North America, No. 101. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Strickland, D., and H. Ouellet. 1993. Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/040

Swanson, D. L., J. L. Ingold and G. E. Wallace. 2008. Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/119

Tarof, S., and J. V. Briskie. 2008. Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus), The Birds of North America Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/099

Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), The Birds of North America, No. 469. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists's Union, Washington, D.C.

Trost, C. H. 1999. Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia), The Birds of North American Online, . A. Poole, Ed. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Retrieved from The Birds of North America Online database: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/389

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